1、环境变量:env

还是老样子,用一个老的yaml文件先看看这个环境变量env的使用方法和格式

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-env       
  namespace: dev         
  labels:
    user: Hud98           
spec:
  containers:          
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox:1.30
    command: ["bin/sh","-c","touch /tmp/hello.txt;while true;do /bin/echo $(date +%T) >> /tmp/hello.txt; sleep 60; done;"]
    env: #设置环境变量列表
    - name: "username"
      value: "Hud98"
    - name: "password"
      value: "199866" 

验证一下,进入容器可以看看

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod-env   1/1     Running   0          4h28m
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec pod-env -n dev -c busybox -it /bin/sh
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
/ # echo $username
Hud98
/ # echo $password
199866
/ # exec attach failed: error on attach stdin: read escape sequence
command terminated with exit code 126

2、端口:ports

先来看一下ports支持的子选项:

[root@master ~]# kubectl explain pod.spec.containers.ports
KIND:     Pod
VERSION:  v1
RESOURCE: ports <[]Object>
FIELDS:
   containerPort	<integer>        #容器要监听的端口(0<x<65536)         
   hostIP	<string>                 #要将外部的端口绑定到主机的IP(一般省略)
   hostPort	<integer> #容器要在主机上公开的端口,如果设置,主机上只能运行容器的一个副本(一般省略)
   name	<string>                #端口名称,若要指定,必须保证name在pod中是唯一的
   protocol	<string>            #端口协议,必须是UDP、TCP或SCTP,默认为TCP

创建一个pod-ports.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-ports      
  namespace: dev         
  labels:
    user: Hud98           
spec:
  containers:          
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: Never
    ports:        # 设置容器暴露端口列表
    - name: nginx-port
      containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP

# 创建容器
[root@master ~]# vi pod-port.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f pod-port.yaml 
pod/pod-ports created
# 查看pod 在下面可以看到明显的配置信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod pod-ports -n dev -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
    user: Hud98
  name: pod-ports
  namespace: dev
spec:
  containers:
  - image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: Never
    name: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
      name: nginx-port
      protocol: TCP
    state:
      running:
        startedAt: "2022-04-12T02:47:47Z"
  hostIP: 192.168.88.102
  phase: Running
  podIP: 10.244.169.150
  podIPs:
  - ip: 10.244.169.150
  qosClass: BestEffort
  startTime: "2022-04-12T02:47:46Z"

访问容器中的程序,需要使用的是Pod的IP:containerPort

3、资源配额

           容器中的程序要运行,可定是要占用一定的资源的,比如cpu和内存等等,如果我们不对某个容器的资源做限制,那么他就很可能吃掉大量的资源,从而导致其他的容器无法运行,针对这种情况,Kubernetes提供了对内存和cpu资源进行配额的机制,这种机制主要通过resources选项进行实现,他有两个子选项:

        ● limits:用于限制运行时容器的最大占用资源,当容器占用资源超过limits时会被终止,并进行重启

        ● requsets:用于设置容器运行需要的最小资源,如果环境资源不够用,容器将无法启动

可以通过以上的两个选项设置资源的上下限

接下来再编写一个测试案例,创建一个pod-resources.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-resources      
  namespace: dev         
  labels:
    user: Hud98           
spec:
  containers:          
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    resources:     # 资源配额
      limits:      # 限制资源(上限) 
        cpu: "2"   # CPU限制,单位是Core数
        memory: "10Gi"  #内存限制
      requests:    #请求资源(下限)
        cpu: "1"   # CPU限制,单位是Core数
        memory: "20Mi"  #内存限制

[root@master ~]# vi pod-resources.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f pod-resources.yaml 
pod/pod-resourcess created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod-resourcess   1/1     Running   0          7s

这里看到pod很顺利的启动了,下面我们再看看如果我把request内存下限写成10G,他还能不能启动成功:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-resources      
  namespace: dev         
  labels:
    user: Hud98           
spec:
  containers:          
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    resources:     # 资源配额
      limits:      # 限制资源(上限) 
        cpu: "2"   # CPU限制,单位是Core数
        memory: "10Gi"  #内存限制
      requests:    #请求资源(下限)
        cpu: "1"   # CPU限制,单位是Core数
        memory: "10Gi"  #内存限制

[root@master ~]# vi pod-resources.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f pod-resources.yaml 
pod/pod-resources created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod-resources   0/1     Pending   0          20s

可以看到这里显示Pod没有成功的启动,我们再用describe来查看一下是什么原因

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe pod pod-resources -n dev
 Warning  FailedScheduling  76s (x31 over 33m)  default-scheduler  0/3 nodes are available: 1 node(s) had taint {node-role.kubernetes.io/master: }, that the pod didn't tolerate, 2 Insufficient memory.

没有

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