kubeadm快速部署kubernetes高可用集群(1.13.1,HA)
当前版本的kubeadm已经原生支持部署HA模式集群，非常方便即可实现HA模式的kubernetes集群。本次部署基于Ubuntu16.04，并使用最新的docker版本：18.06.1，kubernetes适用1.13.x版本，本文采用1.13.1。Kubernetes&Docker技术交流QQ群：491137983，一起学习，共同进步！1 环境准备准备了
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当前版本的kubeadm已经原生支持部署HA模式集群，非常方便即可实现HA模式的kubernetes集群。本次部署基于Ubuntu16.04，并使用最新的docker版本：18.06.1，kubernetes适用1.13.x版本，本文采用1.13.1。
Kubernetes&Docker技术交流QQ群：491137983，一起学习，共同进步！
1 环境准备
准备了六台机器作安装测试工作，机器信息如下:
| IP | Name | Role | OS |
|---|---|---|---|
| 172.16.2.1 | Master01 | Controller,etcd | Ubuntu16.04 |
| 172.16.2.2 | Master02 | Controller,etcd | Ubuntu16.04 |
| 172.16.2.3 | Master03 | Controller,etcd | Ubuntu16.04 |
| 172.16.2.11 | Node01 | Compute | Ubuntu16.04 |
| 172.16.2.12 | Node02 | Compute | Ubuntu16.04 |
| 172.16.2.13 | Node03 | Compute | Ubuntu16.04 |
| 172.16.2.251 | Dns01 | DNS | Ubuntu16.04 |
| 172.16.2.252 | Dns01 | DNS | Ubuntu16.04 |
2 安装docker
apt update && apt install -y apt-transport-https software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
apt update
apt install docker-ce=18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu
3 安装etcd集群
使用了docker-compose安装，当然，如果觉得麻烦，也可以直接docker run。
Master01节点的ETCD的docker-compose.yml：
etcd:
image: quay.io/coreos/etcd:v3.2.25
command: etcd --name etcd-srv1 --data-dir=/var/etcd/calico-data --listen-client-urls http://0.0.0.0:2379 --advertise-client-urls http://172.16.2.1:2379,http://172.16.2.1:2380 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://172.16.2.1:2380 --listen-peer-urls http://0.0.0.0:2380 -initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster -initial-cluster "etcd-srv1=http://172.16.2.1:2380,etcd-srv2=http://172.16.2.2:2380,etcd-srv3=http://172.16.2.3:2380" -initial-cluster-state new
net: "bridge"
ports:
- "2379:2379"
- "2380:2380"
restart: always
stdin_open: true
tty: true
volumes:
- /store/etcd:/var/etcd
Master02节点的ETCD的docker-compose.yml：
etcd:
image: quay.io/coreos/etcd:v3.2.25
command: etcd --name etcd-srv2 --data-dir=/var/etcd/calico-data --listen-client-urls http://0.0.0.0:2379 --advertise-client-urls http://172.16.2.2:2379,http://172.16.2.2:2380 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://172.16.2.2:2380 --listen-peer-urls http://0.0.0.0:2380 -initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster -initial-cluster "etcd-srv1=http://172.16.2.1:2380,etcd-srv2=http://172.16.2.2:2380,etcd-srv3=http://172.16.2.3:2380" -initial-cluster-state new
net: "bridge"
ports:
- "2379:2379"
- "2380:2380"
restart: always
stdin_open: true
tty: true
volumes:
- /store/etcd:/var/etcd
Master03节点的ETCD的docker-compose.yml：
etcd:
image: quay.io/coreos/etcd:v3.2.25
command: etcd --name etcd-srv3 --data-dir=/var/etcd/calico-data --listen-client-urls http://0.0.0.0:2379 --advertise-client-urls http://172.16.2.3:2379,http://172.16.2.3:2380 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://172.16.2.3:2380 --listen-peer-urls http://0.0.0.0:2380 -initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster -initial-cluster "etcd-srv1=http://172.16.2.1:2380,etcd-srv2=http://172.16.2.2:2380,etcd-srv3=http://172.16.2.3:2380" -initial-cluster-state new
net: "bridge"
ports:
- "2379:2379"
- "2380:2380"
restart: always
stdin_open: true
tty: true
volumes:
- /store/etcd:/var/etcd
创建好docker-compose.yml文件后，使用命令docker-compose up -d部署。
关于docker-compose的使用，可以参考：docker-compose安装文档。
3 安装k8s工具包
阿里源安装
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl ipvsadm
4 启用ipvs模块
本方案中采用ipvs作为kube-proxy的转发机制，效率比iptables高很多，开启ipvs模块支持。
modprobe ip_vs && modprobe ip_vs_rr && modprobe ip_vs_wrr && modprobe ip_vs_sh
启用的ipvs相关模块重启机器后需要重启加载，为了避免麻烦，可以将加载模块配置在为开机启动（所有节点上都需要配置）：
root@master01:~# vi /etc/modules
# /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time.
#
# This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded
# at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored.
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs
5 Api-Server负载均衡
配置负载均衡器对kube-apiserver进行负载均衡，可采用DNS轮询解析或者Haproxy（Nginx）反向代理实现负载均衡。
本文采用DNS轮询解析实现简单的负载均衡，在Dns01,Dns02节点上部署DNS。
1、修改/etc/hosts文件，添加域名解析
172.16.2.1 api.me
172.16.2.2 api.me
172.16.2.3 api.me
2、docker-compose部署dnsmasq服务：
version: "3"
services:
dnsmasq:
image: cloudnil/dnsmasq:2.76
command: -q --log-facility=- --all-servers
network_mode: "host"
cap_add:
- NET_ADMIN
restart: always
stdin_open: true
tty: true
3、除了部署dnsmasq服务的其他所有节点上(包括Master和Node)，配置DNS
cat <<EOF >/etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base
nameserver 172.16.2.251
nameserver 172.16.2.252
EOF
记得重启解析服务resolvconf：
/etc/init.d/resolvconf restart
6 安装master节点
kubeadm配置文件kubeadm-config.yml：
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterConfiguration
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
etcd:
external:
endpoints:
- http://172.16.2.1:2379
- http://172.16.2.2:2379
- http://172.16.2.3:2379
networking:
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
podSubnet: 10.68.0.0/16
kubernetesVersion: v1.13.1
controlPlaneEndpoint: api.me:6443
apiServer:
certSANs:
- api.me
---
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
systemReserved:
cpu: "0.25"
memory: 128Mi
imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
imageMinimumGCAge: 2m0s
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
ipvs:
minSyncPeriod: 1s
#rr-轮询 wrr-加权轮询 sh-地址哈希
scheduler: rr
syncPeriod: 10s
mode: ipvs
说明：因为gcr.io在墙外，导致镜像无法获取，感谢阿里云提供了镜像仓库：
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers，镜像下载需要点时间，也可以提前下载镜像：kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm-config.yaml。
相关镜像：
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.13.1
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.1
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.13.1
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.1
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.2.24
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.2.6
master01初始化指令：
kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yml
如果镜像已经提前下载，安装过程大概30秒，输出结果如下：
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.13.1
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 18.09.0. Latest validated version: 18.06
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/ca certificate authority generation
[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping apiserver-etcd-client certificate authority generation
[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/server certificate authority generation
[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/peer certificate authority generation
[certs] External etcd mode: Skipping etcd/healthcheck-client certificate authority generation
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [master01 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local api.me api.me] and IPs [10.96.0.1 172.16.2.1]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 21.509043 seconds
[uploadconfig] storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.13" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "master01" as an annotation
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master01 as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master01 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: uhh19f.larqd6hbrknuqxg7
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstraptoken] creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:
kubeadm join api.me:6443 --token uhj19f.laeqd6hbrkniqxg7 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:aa570bd8126fa83b605540854f53c27840nc0ba7560ab6a6644ba75629194bea
PS：
token是使用指令kubeadm token generate生成的，执行过程如有异常，用命令kubeadm reset初始化后重试，生成的token有效时间为24小时，超过24小时后需要重新使用命令kubeadm token create创建新的token，discovery-token-ca-cert-hash的值可以使用命令生成：
openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'。
加载管理员配置文件
方式一：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
方式二：
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
7 安装calico网络
网络组件选择很多，可以根据自己的需要选择calico、weave、flannel，calico性能最好，flannel的vxlan也不错，默认的UDP性能较差，weave的性能比较差，测试环境用下可以，生产环境不建议使用。calico的安装配置可以参考官方部署：点击查看
calico-rbac.yml：
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: calico-kube-controllers
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: calico-node
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: calico-kube-controllers
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
- nodes
- namespaces
- serviceaccounts
verbs:
- watch
- list
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- networkpolicies
verbs:
- watch
- list
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: calico-kube-controllers
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: calico-kube-controllers
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: calico-kube-controllers
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: calico-node
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- pods
- nodes
- namespaces
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- endpoints
- services
verbs:
- watch
- list
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: calico-node
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: calico-node
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: calico-node
namespace: kube-system
calico.yml：
# Calico Version v3.4.0
# https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.4/releases#v3.4.0
# This manifest includes the following component versions:
# quay.io/calico/node:v3.4.0
# quay.io/calico/cni:v3.4.0
# quay.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.4.0
# This ConfigMap is used to configure a self-hosted Calico installation.
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: calico-config
namespace: kube-system
data:
# Configure this with the location of your etcd cluster.
etcd_endpoints: "http://172.16.2.1:2379,http://172.16.2.2:2379,http://172.16.2.3:2379"
# If you're using TLS enabled etcd uncomment the following.
# You must also populate the Secret below with these files.
etcd_ca: "" # "/calico-secrets/etcd-ca"
etcd_cert: "" # "/calico-secrets/etcd-cert"
etcd_key: "" # "/calico-secrets/etcd-key"
# Configure the Calico backend to use.
calico_backend: "bird"
# Configure the MTU to use
veth_mtu: "1440"
# The CNI network configuration to install on each node. The special
# values in this config will be automatically populated.
cni_network_config: |-
{
"name": "k8s-pod-network",
"cniVersion": "0.3.0",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "calico",
"log_level": "info",
"etcd_endpoints": "__ETCD_ENDPOINTS__",
"etcd_key_file": "__ETCD_KEY_FILE__",
"etcd_cert_file": "__ETCD_CERT_FILE__",
"etcd_ca_cert_file": "__ETCD_CA_CERT_FILE__",
"mtu": __CNI_MTU__,
"ipam": {
"type": "calico-ipam"
},
"policy": {
"type": "k8s"
},
"kubernetes": {
"kubeconfig": "__KUBECONFIG_FILEPATH__"
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"snat": true,
"capabilities": {"portMappings": true}
}
]
}
---
# The following contains k8s Secrets for use with a TLS enabled etcd cluster.
# For information on populating Secrets, see http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/secrets/
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
type: Opaque
metadata:
name: calico-etcd-secrets
namespace: kube-system
data:
# Populate the following with etcd TLS configuration if desired, but leave blank if
# not using TLS for etcd.
# The keys below should be uncommented and the values populated with the base64
# encoded contents of each file that would be associated with the TLS data.
# Example command for encoding a file contents: cat <file> | base64 -w 0
# etcd-key: null
# etcd-cert: null
# etcd-ca: null
---
# This manifest installs the calico/node container, as well
# as the Calico CNI plugins and network config on
# each master and worker node in a Kubernetes cluster.
kind: DaemonSet
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: calico-node
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: calico-node
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: calico-node
updateStrategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: calico-node
annotations:
# This, along with the CriticalAddonsOnly toleration below,
# marks the pod as a critical add-on, ensuring it gets
# priority scheduling and that its resources are reserved
# if it ever gets evicted.
scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
spec:
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
# Make sure calico-node gets scheduled on all nodes.
- effect: NoSchedule
operator: Exists
# Mark the pod as a critical add-on for rescheduling.
- key: CriticalAddonsOnly
operator: Exists
- effect: NoExecute
operator: Exists
serviceAccountName: calico-node
# Minimize downtime during a rolling upgrade or deletion; tell Kubernetes to do a "force
# deletion": https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/#termination-of-pods.
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
initContainers:
# This container installs the Calico CNI binaries
# and CNI network config file on each node.
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/calico/cni:v3.4.0
command: ["/install-cni.sh"]
env:
# Name of the CNI config file to create.
- name: CNI_CONF_NAME
value: "10-calico.conflist"
# The CNI network config to install on each node.
- name: CNI_NETWORK_CONFIG
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: cni_network_config
# The location of the Calico etcd cluster.
- name: ETCD_ENDPOINTS
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: etcd_endpoints
# CNI MTU Config variable
- name: CNI_MTU
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: veth_mtu
# Prevents the container from sleeping forever.
- name: SLEEP
value: "false"
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /host/opt/cni/bin
name: cni-bin-dir
- mountPath: /host/etc/cni/net.d
name: cni-net-dir
- mountPath: /calico-secrets
name: etcd-certs
containers:
# Runs calico/node container on each Kubernetes node. This
# container programs network policy and routes on each
# host.
- name: calico-node
image: quay.io/calico/node:v3.4.0
env:
# The location of the Calico etcd cluster.
- name: ETCD_ENDPOINTS
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: etcd_endpoints
# Location of the CA certificate for etcd.
- name: ETCD_CA_CERT_FILE
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: etcd_ca
# Location of the client key for etcd.
- name: ETCD_KEY_FILE
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: etcd_key
# Location of the client certificate for etcd.
- name: ETCD_CERT_FILE
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: etcd_cert
# Set noderef for node controller.
- name: CALICO_K8S_NODE_REF
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: spec.nodeName
# Choose the backend to use.
- name: CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: calico_backend
# Cluster type to identify the deployment type
- name: CLUSTER_TYPE
value: "k8s,bgp"
# Auto-detect the BGP IP address.
- name: IP
value: "autodetect"
# Enable IPIP
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP
value: "Always"
# Set MTU for tunnel device used if ipip is enabled
- name: FELIX_IPINIPMTU
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: veth_mtu
# The default IPv4 pool to create on startup if none exists. Pod IPs will be
# chosen from this range. Changing this value after installation will have
# no effect. This should fall within `--cluster-cidr`.
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
value: "10.68.0.0/16"
# Disable file logging so `kubectl logs` works.
- name: CALICO_DISABLE_FILE_LOGGING
value: "true"
# Set Felix endpoint to host default action to ACCEPT.
- name: FELIX_DEFAULTENDPOINTTOHOSTACTION
value: "ACCEPT"
# Disable IPv6 on Kubernetes.
- name: FELIX_IPV6SUPPORT
value: "false"
# Set Felix logging to "info"
- name: FELIX_LOGSEVERITYSCREEN
value: "info"
- name: FELIX_HEALTHENABLED
value: "true"
securityContext:
privileged: true
resources:
requests:
cpu: 250m
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /liveness
port: 9099
host: localhost
periodSeconds: 10
initialDelaySeconds: 10
failureThreshold: 6
readinessProbe:
exec:
command:
- /bin/calico-node
- -bird-ready
- -felix-ready
periodSeconds: 10
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /lib/modules
name: lib-modules
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
name: xtables-lock
readOnly: false
- mountPath: /var/run/calico
name: var-run-calico
readOnly: false
- mountPath: /var/lib/calico
name: var-lib-calico
readOnly: false
- mountPath: /calico-secrets
name: etcd-certs
volumes:
# Used by calico/node.
- name: lib-modules
hostPath:
path: /lib/modules
- name: var-run-calico
hostPath:
path: /var/run/calico
- name: var-lib-calico
hostPath:
path: /var/lib/calico
- name: xtables-lock
hostPath:
path: /run/xtables.lock
type: FileOrCreate
# Used to install CNI.
- name: cni-bin-dir
hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
- name: cni-net-dir
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
# Mount in the etcd TLS secrets with mode 400.
# See https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/
- name: etcd-certs
secret:
secretName: calico-etcd-secrets
defaultMode: 0400
---
# This manifest deploys the Calico Kubernetes controllers.
# See https://github.com/projectcalico/kube-controllers
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: calico-kube-controllers
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: calico-kube-controllers
annotations:
scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
spec:
# The controllers can only have a single active instance.
replicas: 1
strategy:
type: Recreate
template:
metadata:
name: calico-kube-controllers
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: calico-kube-controllers
spec:
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux
# The controllers must run in the host network namespace so that
# it isn't governed by policy that would prevent it from working.
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
# Mark the pod as a critical add-on for rescheduling.
- key: CriticalAddonsOnly
operator: Exists
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: calico-kube-controllers
containers:
- name: calico-kube-controllers
image: quay.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.4.0
env:
# The location of the Calico etcd cluster.
- name: ETCD_ENDPOINTS
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: etcd_endpoints
# Location of the CA certificate for etcd.
- name: ETCD_CA_CERT_FILE
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: etcd_ca
# Location of the client key for etcd.
- name: ETCD_KEY_FILE
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: etcd_key
# Location of the client certificate for etcd.
- name: ETCD_CERT_FILE
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: calico-config
key: etcd_cert
# Choose which controllers to run.
- name: ENABLED_CONTROLLERS
value: policy,namespace,serviceaccount,workloadendpoint,node
volumeMounts:
# Mount in the etcd TLS secrets.
- mountPath: /calico-secrets
name: etcd-certs
readinessProbe:
exec:
command:
- /usr/bin/check-status
- -r
volumes:
# Mount in the etcd TLS secrets with mode 400.
# See https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/
- name: etcd-certs
secret:
secretName: calico-etcd-secrets
defaultMode: 0400
执行命令：
kubectl apply -f calico-rbac.yml
kubectl apply -f calico.yml
检查各节点组件运行状态：
root@master01:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01 Ready master 13m v1.13.1
root@master01:~# kubectl get po -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-697d964cc4-p8jcn 1/1 Running 0 32s
calico-node-wg9l4 1/1 Running 0 32s
coredns-89cc84847-l48q8 1/1 Running 0 13m
coredns-89cc84847-mf5nr 1/1 Running 0 13m
kube-apiserver-master01 1/1 Running 0 12m
kube-controller-manager-master01 1/1 Running 0 12m
kube-proxy-9l287 1/1 Running 0 13m
kube-scheduler-master01 1/1 Running 0 12m
8 安装Master02和Master03节点
复制/etc/kubernetes/pki下的以下文件到Master02和Master03对应目录，.ssh/cloudnil.pem是方便节点之间访问的证书，可以使用ssh-keygen生成，具体使用不详细阐述，网络上文章很多，也可以直接使用账号密码。
USER=root
CONTROL_PLANE_IPS="172.16.2.2 172.16.2.3"
for host in ${CONTROL_PLANE_IPS}; do
scp -i .ssh/cloudnil.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki
scp -i .ssh/cloudnil.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki
scp -i .ssh/cloudnil.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki
scp -i .ssh/cloudnil.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki
scp -i .ssh/cloudnil.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki
scp -i .ssh/cloudnil.pem /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.key "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/pki
scp -i .ssh/cloudnil.pem /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf "${USER}"@$host:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
done
在master02，master03上执行加入集群命令：
kubeadm join api.me:6443 --token uhj19f.laeqd6hbrkniqxg7 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:aa570bd8126fa83b605540854f53c27840nc0ba7560ab6a6644ba75629194bea --experimental-control-plane
注意：Master节点和Node节点加入集群的区别就在于最后一个flag：
--experimental-control-plane
可以查看下各节点及组件运行状态：
root@master01:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01 Ready master 25m v1.13.1
master02 Ready master 8m6s v1.13.1
master03 Ready master 7m33s v1.13.1
root@master01:~# kubectl get po -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-697d964cc4-p8jcn 1/1 Running 0 12m
calico-node-lvnl8 1/1 Running 0 7m35s
calico-node-p8h5z 1/1 Running 0 8m9s
calico-node-wg9l4 1/1 Running 0 12m
coredns-89cc84847-l48q8 1/1 Running 0 25m
coredns-89cc84847-mf5nr 1/1 Running 0 25m
kube-apiserver-master01 1/1 Running 0 24m
kube-apiserver-master02 1/1 Running 0 8m9s
kube-apiserver-master03 1/1 Running 0 7m35s
kube-controller-manager-master01 1/1 Running 0 24m
kube-controller-manager-master02 1/1 Running 0 8m9s
kube-controller-manager-master03 1/1 Running 0 7m35s
kube-proxy-9l287 1/1 Running 0 25m
kube-proxy-jmsfb 1/1 Running 0 8m9s
kube-proxy-wzh62 1/1 Running 0 7m35s
kube-scheduler-master01 1/1 Running 0 24m
kube-scheduler-master02 1/1 Running 0 8m9s
kube-scheduler-master03 1/1 Running 0 7m35s
9 安装Node节点
Master节点安装好了Node节点就简单了,在各个Node节点上执行。
kubeadm join api.me:6443 --token uhj19f.laeqd6hbrkniqxg7 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:aa570bd8126fa83b605540854f53c27840nc0ba7560ab6a6644ba75629194bea
10 DNS集群部署
删除原单点coredns
kubectl delete deploy coredns -n kube-system
部署多实例的coredns集群，参考配置coredns.yml：
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
spec:
#集群规模可自行配置
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 25%
maxUnavailable: 1
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
spec:
affinity:
podAntiAffinity:
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- weight: 100
podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- key: k8s-app
operator: In
values:
- kube-dns
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
containers:
- args:
- -conf
- /etc/coredns/Corefile
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.2.6
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 5
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 8080
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 5
name: coredns
ports:
- containerPort: 53
name: dns
protocol: UDP
- containerPort: 53
name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 9153
name: metrics
protocol: TCP
resources:
limits:
memory: 170Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 70Mi
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
capabilities:
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
drop:
- all
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/coredns
name: config-volume
readOnly: true
dnsPolicy: Default
restartPolicy: Always
schedulerName: default-scheduler
securityContext: {}
serviceAccount: coredns
serviceAccountName: coredns
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
tolerations:
- key: CriticalAddonsOnly
operator: Exists
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
volumes:
- configMap:
defaultMode: 420
items:
- key: Corefile
path: Corefile
name: coredns
name: config-volume
10 部署Metrics-Server
kubernetesv1.11以后不再支持通过heaspter采集监控数据，支持新的监控数据采集组件metrics-server，比heaspter轻量很多，也不做数据的持久化存储，提供实时的监控数据查询还是很好用的。
获取部署文档，点击这里。
下载所有yaml到目录metrics-server，修改metrics-server-deployment.yaml为以下内容：
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: metrics-server
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
template:
metadata:
name: metrics-server
labels:
k8s-app: metrics-server
spec:
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: metrics-server
volumes:
# mount in tmp so we can safely use from-scratch images and/or read-only containers
- name: tmp-dir
emptyDir: {}
containers:
- name: metrics-server
image: cloudnil/metrics-server-amd64:v0.3.1
imagePullPolicy: Always
command:
- /metrics-server
- --kubelet-insecure-tls
- --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP
volumeMounts:
- name: tmp-dir
mountPath: /tmp
执行部署命令：
kubectl apply -f metrics-server/
查看监控数据：
root@master01:~# kubectl top nodes
NAME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY%
master01 153m 8% 1748Mi 46%
master02 108m 6% 1250Mi 33%
master03 91m 5% 1499Mi 40%
node01 256m 7% 1047Mi 13%
node02 196m 5% 976Mi 10%
node03 206m 5% 907Mi 12%
11 部署Dashboard
下载kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
修改配置内容，增加ingress配置，后边配置了nginx-ingress后就可以直接绑定域名访问了。
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
rules:
# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
verbs: ["create"]
# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
verbs: ["create"]
# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
# Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: dashboard-ingress
namespace: kube-system
spec:
rules:
- host: dashboard.cloudnil.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: kubernetes-dashboard
servicePort: 443
暴露本地端口到Master01访问测试：
#直接暴露Pod端口到本地
kubectl port-forward pod/kubernetes-dashboard-fc78cd558-thdrv --address 0.0.0.0 12345:9090
#直接暴露Service端口到本地
kubectl port-forward svc/kubernetes-dashboard --address 0.0.0.0 12345:80
访问地址：http://172.16.2.1:12345。
12 服务暴露到公网
kubernetes中的Service暴露到外部有三种方式，分别是：
- LoadBlancer Service
- NodePort Service
- Ingress
LoadBlancer Service是kubernetes深度结合云平台的一个组件；当使用LoadBlancer Service暴露服务时，实际上是通过向底层云平台申请创建一个负载均衡器来向外暴露服务；目前LoadBlancer Service支持的云平台已经相对完善，比如国外的GCE、DigitalOcean，国内的 阿里云，私有云 Openstack 等等，由于LoadBlancer Service深度结合了云平台，所以只能在一些云平台上来使用。
NodePort Service顾名思义，实质上就是通过在集群的每个node上暴露一个端口，然后将这个端口映射到某个具体的service来实现的，虽然每个node的端口有很多(0~65535)，但是由于安全性和易用性(服务多了就乱了，还有端口冲突问题)实际使用可能并不多。
Ingress可以实现使用nginx等开源的反向代理负载均衡器实现对外暴露服务，可以理解Ingress就是用于配置域名转发的一个东西，在nginx中就类似upstream，它与ingress-controller结合使用，通过ingress-controller监控到pod及service的变化，动态地将ingress中的转发信息写到诸如nginx、apache、haproxy等组件中实现方向代理和负载均衡。
13 部署Nginx-ingress-controller
Nginx-ingress-controller是kubernetes官方提供的集成了Ingress-controller和Nginx的一个docker镜像。
本次部署中，将Nginx-ingress部署到master01、master02、master03上，监听宿主机的80端口:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: nginx-configuration
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: tcp-services
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: udp-services
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
- endpoints
- nodes
- pods
- secrets
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- services
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- "extensions"
resources:
- ingresses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- events
verbs:
- create
- patch
- apiGroups:
- "extensions"
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-role
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
- pods
- secrets
- namespaces
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
resourceNames:
- "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"
verbs:
- get
- update
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
verbs:
- create
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- endpoints
verbs:
- get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "10254"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
spec:
hostNetwork: true
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/hostname
operator: In
values:
- master01
- master02
- master03
podAntiAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- key: app.kubernetes.io/name
operator: In
values:
- ingress-nginx
topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
containers:
- name: nginx-ingress-controller
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:0.21.0
args:
- /nginx-ingress-controller
- --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
- --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
- --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
- --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
securityContext:
capabilities:
drop:
- ALL
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
# www-data -> 33
runAsUser: 33
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
- name: https
containerPort: 443
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 1
readinessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 1
resources:
limits:
cpu: 1
memory: 1024Mi
requests:
cpu: 0.25
memory: 512Mi
部署完Nginx-ingress-controller后，解析域名dashboard.cloudnil.com到master01、master02、master03的外网IP，就可以使用dashboard.cloudnil.com访问dashboard。
版权声明：允许转载，请注明原文出处：http://cloudnil.com/2018/12/24/Deploy-kubernetes(1.13.1)-HA-with-kubeadm/。
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