做程序员已经有几年时光了,在期间参与过Android软件开发。Java软件开发,但就Java软件开发来说,由于项目模块众多而且复杂,从来没有自己搭建过项目框架,都是参与模块开发。每个人都一样,谁不向往成为项目中核心的一员或者成为系统架构师,项目经理等,我和众多的程序员一样,每天早早的上班,挤过公交,挤过地铁。在上海这座美丽的城市拼搏,最近终于成为了项目的主干,核心人物,我想记录下一路走来的点滴。


曾经面试过上百家的企业,当问到你独立搭建过架构吗?我只能说没有,因此拼搏几年也没拿过高薪。你是否也这样呢?那就和我一起向架构师、项目经理、团队核心努力吧,一起去追逐我们的梦想和高薪。

思路:

1、分析需求,你要做什么,目标产品具有什么特点出发(决定了你需要什么样的jar包)

2、确定搭建的技术架构,即就是采用什么样的技术,使用什么样的层次结构使得项目更容易扩展,易维护,以及多项目的架构重用(以不变应万变)

3、确定开发工具和搭建项目的工具(统一代码管理和jar管理,团队环境一致不容易出现莫名的错误)

4、实施搭建

5、测试


技术架构:spring4.1.9+springMVC+Mybatis3.2.6+jsp+javascript

开发工具:1、idea2017(统一的代码开发工具)

                  2、maven3.5(用于jar管理和项目构建测试和打包)

                  3、svn(代码统一服务器管理)

                  4、Oracle数据库+pl/sql客户端(连接数据库建表)

                  5、PowerDesigner15.3(用于数据库设计和表结构管理)

开发环境:jdk1.8(支持Java),UTF-8

项目结构:

项目架构项目创建和pom.xml配置


项目目录结构:

项目架构师为了重复使用架构模块防止每次找必须jar包,该项目我们只需要配置pom.xml配置就好。具体如下:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.banwxf.schoolspring</groupId>
  <artifactId>school_spring</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>school_spring Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <spring.version>4.1.9.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <mybatis.version>3.2.6</mybatis.version>
    <mybatis_spring.version>1.2.0</mybatis_spring.version>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
      <type>jar</type>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--mybatis-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>${mybatis_spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--mysql连接-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.34</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>


    <!-- 整合数据库连接池 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
      <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
      <version>0.9.1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- dbcp -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--数据库驱动-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
      <artifactId>ojdbc7</artifactId>
      <version>11.2.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--文件相关-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
      <version>2.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--log4j-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.7.10</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
      <version>1.7.10</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>

 </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>school_spring</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.8</source>
          <target>1.8</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

详细标签和jar包引入说明:

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
  <version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
该标签配置了spring的jar包的版本和坐标。${spring.version}引用的是 < properties >标签中对应的版本,名字自定义,按住Ctrl能够链接到
<properties>中,鼠标移动上去会显示对应版本,否则配置
< properties >

  <spring.version>4.1.9.RELEASE</spring.version>
  <mybatis.version>3.2.6</mybatis.version>
  <mybatis_spring.version>1.2.0</mybatis_spring.version>
  <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
该标签配置了spring,mybatis等Jar的版本号,内部标签自定义,同理,所有用到的jar版本都可以配置在 properties中

<!--mybatis-->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
  <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
  <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
  <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
  <version>${mybatis_spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
这是mybatis的包,在该架构中必须有该包
<!--mysql连接-->
<dependency>
  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  <version>5.1.34</version>
</dependency>
这是MySQL链接包

<!-- 整合数据库连接池 -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
  <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
  <version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
这是c3po数据库连接池,能控制数据库最大连接数等,需要在spring中进行配置,具体配置看后面

<!--数据库驱动-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
      <artifactId>ojdbc7</artifactId>
      <version>11.2.0</version>
    </dependency>
这是oracle的驱动包用于连接oracle数据库,配合c3p0使用,要连接oracle数据库必须有

<!--文件相关-->
<dependency>
  <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
  <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
  <version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
  <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
  <version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
  <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
  <version>2.0.1</version>
</dependency>
这三个是,spring上传下载文件必须的包,如果不需要上传下载可不需要次jar包,该包可不需要

<!--log4j-->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
  <version>1.7.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
  <version>1.7.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>log4j</groupId>
  <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
  <version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
该包是日志输出相关jar,需要专门配置,并非必须,只是辅助开发和系统日志处理。

其他相关jar包说明和引入

<!-- json转换 springmvc返回json格式必须引入-->
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
  <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
  <version>2.7.4</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
  <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
  <version>2.7.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
  <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
  <version>2.7.4</version>
</dependency>
这三个是用于json输出相关jar包,在spring4.1.9及以上必须使用,需要在spring的配置文件中配置

<!-- java servlet -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
  <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
  <version>2.5</version>
  <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
这个是servlet相关的jar包

<!-- office文档组件 -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
  <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
  <version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
  <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
  <version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.xmlbeans</groupId>
  <artifactId>xmlbeans</artifactId>
  <version>2.4.0</version>
</dependency>
这是用于导入或导出成office文件相关的

<!-- 汉字拼音组件 -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>net.sourceforge</groupId>
  <artifactId>pinyin4j</artifactId>
  <version>2.5.0</version>
</dependency>
这是汉子拼音相关的,能够获取汉子拼音等功能

<!-- servlet-api  -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
  <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
  <version>2.5</version>
  <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
  <artifactId>geronimo-servlet_3.0_spec</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
这是spring当中使用httpservlet相关的,以及加载spring必须的,不能缺少,缺少web.xml的过滤器和分发配置就会报错,如下


<dependency>
  <groupId>com.banwxf.utils</groupId>
  <artifactId>school_utils</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
这是对本地工具项目的依赖,包括架构也要这样依赖。

这样所有的jar配置就完成了,后续就是加载spring和整合springmvc,mybatis使其成为一个整体。


二、整合springMVC+spring+mybatis+数据库需要编写如下文件:

先看jdbc配置:jdbc.properties,名字随便定义,在spring配置文件中能加载到即可

#jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jkdb?characterEncoding=utf-8
#jdbc.username=root
#jdbc.password=root

jdbc.driverClassName=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
jdbc.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:XE
jdbc.username=xysq
jdbc.password=xysq

c3p0.pool.maxPoolSize=20
c3p0.pool.minPoolSize=5
c3p0.pool.initialPoolSize=3
c3p0.pool.acquireIncrement=2
里面配置了c3p0和数据库驱动,数据库用户名和密码,连接地址,最大连接池等。

先看spring配置文件:文件名可以随便起

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd ">


	<!-- 1. 加载数据库配置的属性文件 -->
	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

	<!-- 2. 包扫描dao,service -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.banwxf.schoolserver.dao,com.banwxf.schoolserver.service"/>

	<!-- 3. 数据源dataSource  C3P0 -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
		<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
		<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

		<property name="maxPoolSize" value="${c3p0.pool.maxPoolSize}"/>
		<property name="minPoolSize" value="${c3p0.pool.minPoolSize}"/>
		<property name="initialPoolSize" value="${c3p0.pool.initialPoolSize}"/>
		<property name="acquireIncrement" value="${c3p0.pool.acquireIncrement}"/>
	</bean>

	<!-- 4. SessionFactory -->
	<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
		<!-- 整合mybatis,包扫描 mapper文件 -->
		<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:sqlMapConfig.xml"/>
		<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/banwxf/schoolserver/**/*.xml"/>
	</bean>

	<!-- 事务控制 -->
	<bean id="txManager-base"
		class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<tx:advice id="txAdvice-base" transaction-manager="txManager-base">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" />
			<tx:method name="select*" read-only="true" />
			<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true" />
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>
</beans>

该文件主要配置了

1、加载jdbc文件,整合c3p0,注意spring中引用变量按住Ctrl能链接到,否则说明文件没找到,路径错误。

2、获取mybatis的对象

3、事务控制

4、service和dao的扫描路径

注意:其中文件头是必须的,而且后面的版本要和所引用jar一致,可以去jar底下找配置文件拷贝一个,也可以拷贝低版本的改后面的版本号

再看mybatis配置文件:名字自定义

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
	PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
	"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>


</configuration>
该文件中不需要写任何东西,因为全部交给spring了

springmvc的配置:文件名随便定义

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd ">


	<!-- 组件扫描 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.banwxf.schoolserver.controller" />

	<!--<!– 自定义注册属性编辑器 –>-->
	<bean id="conversionService"
		class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean">
		<property name="converters">
			<list>
				<bean class="com.banwxf.schoolserver.StringTrimConverter" />
				<bean class="com.banwxf.schoolserver.DateConverter" />
				<bean class="com.banwxf.schoolserver.DatetimeConverter" />
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean  class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping">
	</bean>
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
		<property name="messageConverters">
			<list>
				<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter" />
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>


	<!-- 异常处理 -->
	<bean id="handlerExceptionResolver"
		class="com.banwxf.schoolserver.exception.CustomExceptionResolver">
	</bean>

	<!-- 文件上传 -->
	<bean id="multipartResolver"
		class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
		<!-- 设置上传文件的最大尺寸为5MB -->
		<property name="maxUploadSize">
			<value>5242880</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp"></property>
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

该文件中需要配置controller的扫描路径,自定义过滤器,自定义异常处理器,文件上传,和必须有的视图解析器。注意springmvc是通过id加载的所以id中的名字必须是这样的,不能随便定义。

这些类在上述jar包中,文件在文件上传下载相关jar包中。


最后一步,加载spring框架。我们需要在web.xml中配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
		 xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
		 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
		  http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
		 id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">

  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>


  <!-- 1.spring框架 -->
  <context-param>
  	<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  	<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <listener>
  	<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

	<!-- 2.springmvc servlet -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<!--屏蔽springmvc自动注册的异常处理器-->
		<init-param>
			<param-name>detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers</param-name>
			<param-value>false</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</servlet>


	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

	<!-- 3.编码过滤器,解决中文乱码 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>SpringEncoding</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>SpringEncoding</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>


</web-app>

该文件配置了spring的配置文件名字是你定义的spring文件名,spring监听,请求分发,异常处理屏蔽,防乱码,请求过滤,详细说明如下:
<!-- 1.spring框架 -->
<context-param>
   <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
   <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

<listener>
   <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
加载spring和监听,applicationContext.xml是你的spring配置文件,按Ctrl必须连接到,名字不能变。
<!-- 2.springmvc servlet -->
<servlet>
   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
   <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
   </init-param>
   <!--屏蔽springmvc自动注册的异常处理器-->
   <init-param>
      <param-name>detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers</param-name>
      <param-value>false</param-value>
   </init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping> 
springmvc的加载配置,springmvc.xml是你的springmvc的配置文件,同理可以链接,org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet该类依赖servlet-api这个包需要引入,下面的springmvc的映射
中按Ctrl将链接到上面配置,配置了url的拦截方式,可以是.action或.do,/*表示拦截所有

<!-- 3.编码过滤器,解决中文乱码 -->
<filter>
   <filter-name>SpringEncoding</filter-name>
   <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
   <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
   </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>SpringEncoding</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
同理,这是spring强制utf-8的过滤器。


这样整个springmvc+spring4.1.9+mybatis3.2.6就搭建成功了,启动tomcat进行测试或者采用Junit测试即可。

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