kubernetes1.9用kubeadm安装(包含calico、dashboard)
基础环境关闭防火墙 selinux 12 $ systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld$ setenforce 0打开forward sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1关闭s...
基础环境
关闭防火墙 selinux
1 2 | $ systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld $ setenforce 0 |
打开forward sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
关闭swap
swapoff -a 再把/etc/fstab文件中带有swap的行删了,没有就无视
装这两工具如果没装的话
yum install -y ebtables socat
IPv4 iptables 链设置 CNI插件需要
sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
墙外安装
在国内是很难使用这种方式安装了,推荐查看离线安装的方案
装docker
yum install -y docker systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
装kubeadm kubectl kubelet
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF setenforce 0 yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet |
关闭SElinux
setenforce 0
cat < /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 EOF sysctl –system
然后与离线安装启动master无异, kubeadm init
离线安装
福利,我已经把所有依赖的镜像,二进制文件,配置文件都打成了包,解决您所有依赖,花了很多时间整理这个,放在了阿里云市场上,希望大家给点小支持 赏我一杯咖啡
这包里面把大部分操作都写在简单的脚本里面了,在master节点执行 init-master.sh 在node节点执行init-node.sh 安装dashboard执行init-dashboard.sh。
然后就可以在node节点执行master输出出来的join命令了。包的最大价值在于没有任何依赖了,再也不用访问不了国外某网而头疼了。
安装kubelet服务,和kubeadm
下载bin文件 地址
把下载好的kubelet kubectl kubeadm 直接拷贝到/usr/bin下面
配置kubelet systemd服务
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | cat <<EOF > /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service [Unit] Description=kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent Documentation=http://kubernetes.io/docs/ [Service] ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet Restart=always StartLimitInterval=0 RestartSec=10 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | cat <<EOF > /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf [Service] Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS=--pod-manifest-path=/etc/kubernetes/manifests --allow-privileged=true" Environment="KUBELET_NETWORK_ARGS=--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin" Environment="KUBELET_DNS_ARGS=--cluster-dns=10.96.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local" Environment="KUBELET_AUTHZ_ARGS=--authorization-mode=Webhook --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt" Environment="KUBELET_CADVISOR_ARGS=--cadvisor-port=0" Environment="KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=cgroupfs" Environment="KUBELET_CERTIFICATE_ARGS=--rotate-certificates=true --cert-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/pki" ExecStart= ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS $KUBELET_NETWORK_ARGS $KUBELET_DNS_ARGS $KUBELET_AUTHZ_ARGS $KUBELET_CADVISOR_ARGS $KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS $KUBELET_CERTIFICATE_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS EOF |
这里需要主意的是要看一下docker的cgroup driver与 –cgroup-driver要一致。 可以用 docker info |grep Cgroup 查看,有可能是systemd 或者 cgroupfs
增加主机名解析
为了防止无法解析主机名,修改/etc/hosts把主机名与ip的映射写上
启动master节点
这里得把google的一票镜像想办法弄下来
1 | kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16 --kubernetes-version v1.8.0 --skip-preflight-checks |
- –pod-network-cidr 参数安装calico网络时需要
- –kubernetes-version 不加的话会去请求公网查询版本信息
- –skip-preflight-checks 解决一个kubelet目录不空的小bug
看到这些输出时你便成功了:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | To start using your cluster, you need to run (as a regular user): mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at: http://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/addons/ You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node as root: kubeadm join --token <token> <master-ip>:<master-port> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash> |
照着执行:
1 2 3 | mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config |
安装calico网络
1 | kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v2.6/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/kubeadm/1.6/calico.yaml |
join node节点
同样到node节点安装kubelet和kubeadm,和master节点操作一样,不再赘述。 然后执行master节点init输出的那个命令:
1 | kubeadm join --token <token> <master-ip>:<master-port> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash> |
执行完成后在master节点用kubectl验证节点是否健康
1 2 3 | [root@dev-86-202 ~]# kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION dev-86-202 NotReady master 17h v1.8.1 |
注意,master节点默认是不作为node的,也不推荐做node节点。 如果需要把master当node:
1 | [root@dev-86-202 ~]# kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master- |
安装dashboard
安装dashboard不难,使用时还真有点绕,主要是RBAC, 先介绍个简单的
1 | kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/alternative/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml |
安装完之后, 使用nodeport方式访问
1 | kubectl -n kube-system edit service kubernetes-dashboard |
把type: ClusterIP 改成 type: NodePort 然后保存
1 2 3 | $ kubectl -n kube-system get service kubernetes-dashboard NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes-dashboard 10.100.124.90 <nodes> 443:31707/TCP 21h |
https://masterip:31707 就可以访问dashboard了, 然而 。。 还不能用。
创建一个 dashboard-admin.yaml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-admin subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system |
kubectl create -f dashboard-admin.yaml
然后在界面上直接点skip就可以了,不过你懂的,这很不安全。 真正安全的做法 请关注我进一步讨论:https://github.com/fanux
给节点加上角色
1 | kubectl label node node1 kubernetes.io/role=node |
常见问题
kubelet服务启动不了?
cgroup driver配置要相同
查看docker cgroup driver:
1 | docker info|grep Cgroup |
有systemd和cgroupfs两种,把kubelet service配置改成与docker一致
vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS=–cgroup-driver=cgroupfs #这个配置与docker改成一致
节点not ready ?
建议安装calico网络,如果要把主节点当成node节点需要加个命令:
1 | [root@dev-86-202 ~]# kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master- |
dashboard 访问不了?
如果是NodePort方式访问,那需要知道dashboard服务具体调度到哪个节点上去了。访问那个节点的ip而不是master的ip。 不行的话把https 改成http试试。
查看具体在哪个节点
1 | kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide |
拉取镜像失败?
可以把node节点与master节点的镜像都在每个节点load一下。
dashboard crash, dns起不来?
可以把node节点与master节点的镜像都在每个节点load一下。
192.168网段与calico网段冲突?
如果你恰好也是192.168网段,那么建议修改一下calico的网段
这样init
1 | kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.122.0/24 --kubernetes-version v1.8.1 |
修改calico.yaml
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | - name: FELIX_DEFAULTENDPOINTTOHOSTACTION value: "ACCEPT" # Configure the IP Pool from which Pod IPs will be chosen. - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR value: "192.168.122.0/24" - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP value: "always" # Disable IPv6 on Kubernetes. - name: FELIX_IPV6SUPPORT value: "false" |
dns 半天起不来?
dns镜像如果load成功了的话,可能是机器配置太低,起的会非常慢,有朋友 单核2G上15分钟没启动成功。 建议双核4G以上资源
如果还起不来请kubeadm reset重来一下,有客户是通过这种方式解决这个问题的.
kubelet unhealthy?
1 2 3 | [kubelet-check] The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL http://localhost:10255/healthz/syncloop' failed with error: Get http://localhost:10255/healthz/syncloop: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10255: getsockopt: connection refused. [kubelet-check] It seems like the kubelet isn't running or healthy. |
可能是manifast已经存在,删除即可:
1 | [root@dev-86-205 kubeadm]# rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/manifests |
时间超过24小时,节点加不进去?
1 2 3 | [root@dev-86-208 test]# kubeadm token create [kubeadm] WARNING: starting in 1.8, tokens expire after 24 hours by default (if you require a non-expiring token use --ttl 0) 887ac7.e82f0e13ad72c367 |
上面命令重新生成一下token,执行kubeadm join 时用上面的token替换一下,如果想永远不过期init时把ttl设置成0
–token-ttl duration
calico pod 中一个容器起不来,Calico node ‘xxx’ is already using the IPv4 address 192.168.152.65
1 2 | rm -rf /var/etcd/ kubeadm reset |
重装
卡在拉镜像的地方
关闭防火墙和selinux
1 2 | $ systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld $ setenforce 0 |
1 2 3 | $ echo 'Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--fail-swap-on=false"' > /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/90-local-extras.conf $ systemctl daemon-reload $ systemctl restart kubelet |
Failed to get system container stats for “/system.slice/docker.service”
kubelet启动参数加:
1 | --runtime-cgroups=/systemd/system.slice --kubelet-cgroups=/systemd/system.slice |
节点无法加入
dns没起来就join,或者服务器时间没同步
使用配置文件指定外部etcd集群
config.yaml:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: MasterConfiguration etcd: endpoints: - http://10.1.245.94:2379 networking: podSubnet: 192.168.0.0/16 kubernetesVersion: v1.8.1 |
etcd.yaml:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | version: '2' services: etcd: container_name: etcd_infra0 image: quay.io/coreos/etcd:v3.1.10 command: | etcd --name infra0 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://10.1.245.94:2380 --listen-peer-urls http://10.1.245.94:2380 --listen-client-urls http://10.1.245.94:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 --advertise-client-urls http://10.1.245.94:2379 --data-dir /etcd-data.etcd --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 -initial-cluster infra0=http://10.1.245.94:2380 --initial-cluster-state new volumes: - /data/etcd-data.etcd:/etcd-data.etcd network_mode: "host" |
1 2 3 | $ pip install docker-compose $ docker-compose -f etcd.yaml up -d $ kubeadm init --config config.yaml |
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