kubernetes-Ingress使用
基于这种现状,kubernetes提供了Ingress资源对象,Ingress只需要一个NodePort或者一个LB就可以满足暴露多个Service的需求。工作机制大致如下图表示实际上,Ingress相当于一个7层的负载均衡器,是kubernetes对反向代理的一个抽象,它的工作原理类似于Nginx,可以理解成在Ingress里建立诸多映射规则,Ingress Controller通过监听这些配置
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基于这种现状,kubernetes提供了Ingress资源对象,Ingress只需要一个NodePort或者一个LB就可以满足暴露多个Service的需求。工作机制大致如下图表示
实际上,Ingress相当于一个7层的负载均衡器,是kubernetes对反向代理的一个抽象,它的工作原理类似于Nginx,可以理解成在Ingress里建立诸多映射规则,Ingress Controller通过监听这些配置规则并转化成Nginx的反向代理配置 , 然后对外部提供服务。在这里有两个核心概念
ngress:kubernetes中的一个对象,作用是定义请求如何转发到service的规则
ingress controller:具体实现反向代理及负载均衡的程序,对ingress定义的规则进行解析,根据配置的规则来实现请求转发,实现方式有很多,比如Nginx, Contour, Haproxy等等
Ingress(以Nginx为例)的工作原理如下
- 用户编写Ingress规则,说明哪个域名对应kubernetes集群中的哪个Service
- Ingress控制器动态感知Ingress服务规则的变化,然后生成一段对应的Nginx反向代理配置
- Ingress控制器会将生成的Nginx配置写入到一个运行着的Nginx服务中,并动态更新
- 到此为止,其实真正在工作的就是一个Nginx了,内部配置了用户定义的请求转发规则
Ingress使用
环境准备 搭建ingress环境
# 创建文件夹
[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir ingress
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd ingress
[root@k8s-master ingress-controller]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml
# 查看ingress-nginx
[root@master ingress]# kubectl get po -n ingress-nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-ingress-controller-65886f4f5d-87nrt 1/1 Running 0 59s
# 查看service
[root@master ingress]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
ingress-nginx NodePort 10.106.176.147 <none> 80:32123/TCP,443:31360/TCP 2m
准备nginx和tomcat的service和pod
创建nginx.yaml
vim nginx.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
namespace: dev
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-pod
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.17.1
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-service
namespace: dev
spec:
selector:
app: nginx-pod
clusterIP: None
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 80
vim tomcat.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: tomcat-deployment
namespace: dev
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: tomcat-pod
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: tomcat-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: tomcat
image: tomcat:8.5-jre10-slim
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: tomcat-service
namespace: dev
spec:
selector:
app: tomcat-pod
clusterIP: None
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 8080
targetPort: 8080
创建dev命名空间
[root@master ingress]# kubectl create ns dev
[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f tomcat.yaml
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment created
service/tomcat-service created
[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created
service/nginx-service created
# 查看
[root@master ingress]# kubectl get po -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-deployment-5ffc5bf56c-gz9v6 1/1 Running 0 67s
nginx-deployment-5ffc5bf56c-jggmw 1/1 Running 0 67s
tomcat-deployment-7db86c59b7-k8kjr 1/1 Running 0 91s
tomcat-deployment-7db86c59b7-l8hrs 1/1 Running 0 91s
[root@master ingress]# kubectl get svc -n dev
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
nginx-service ClusterIP None <none> 80/TCP 78s
tomcat-service ClusterIP None <none> 8080/TCP 102s
Http代理
vim http-ingres.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-http
namespace: dev
spec:
rules:
- host: nginx.liu.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: nginx-service
servicePort: 80
- host: tomcat.liu.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: tomcat-service
servicePort: 8080
[root@master ingress]# kubectl apply -f http-ingres.yaml
Warning: extensions/v1beta1 Ingress is deprecated in v1.14+, unavailable in v1.22+; use networking.k8s.io/v1 Ingress
ingress.extensions/ingress-http created
#查看
[root@master ingress]# kubectl get ingress -n dev
NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ingress-http <none> nginx.liu.com,tomcat.liu.com 10.106.176.147 80 81s
#查看描述信息
[root@master ingress]# kubectl describe ingress -n dev
Name: ingress-http
Namespace: dev
Address: 10.106.176.147
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (<error: endpoints "default-http-backend" not found>)
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
nginx.itheima.com
/ nginx-service:80 (10.244.1.63:80,10.244.2.73:80)
tomcat.itheima.com
/ tomcat-service:8080 (10.244.1.62:8080,10.244.2.72:8080)
Annotations: <none>
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 2m4s nginx-ingress-controller Ingress dev/ingress-http
Normal UPDATE 110s nginx-ingress-controller Ingress dev/ingress-http
#接下来,在本地电脑上配置host文件,解析上面的两个域名到192.168.253.110(master)上
#然后,就可以分别访问tomcat.liu.com:32123 和 nginx.liu.com:31360 查看效果了
Https代理
创建证书
# 生成证书
openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BJ/O=nginx/CN=liu.com"
# 创建密钥
kubectl create secret tls tls-secret --key tls.key --cert tls.crt
创建https-ingress.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-https
namespace: dev
spec:
tls:
- hosts:
- nginx.liu.com
- tomcat.liu.com
secretName: tls-secret
rules:
- host: nginx.liu.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: nginx-service
servicePort: 80
- host: tomcat.liu.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: tomcat-service
servicePort: 8080
# 创建
[root@master ingress]# kubectl create -f ingress-https.yaml
ingress.extensions/ingress-https created
#查看
[root@master ingress]# kubectl get ingress -n dev
NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ingress-http <none> nginx.liu.com,tomcat.liu.com 10.106.176.147 80 8m9s
ingress-https <none> nginx.liu.com,tomcat.liu.com 80, 443 27s
#查看描述信息
[root@master ingress]# kubectl describe ingress -n dev ingress-https
Name: ingress-https
Namespace: dev
Address: 10.106.176.147
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (<error: endpoints "default-http-backend" not found>)
TLS:
tls-secret terminates nginx.liu.com,tomcat.liu.com
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
nginx.itheima.com
/ nginx-service:80 (10.244.1.63:80,10.244.2.73:80)
tomcat.itheima.com
/ tomcat-service:8080 (10.244.1.62:8080,10.244.2.72:8080)
Annotations: <none>
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 61s nginx-ingress-controller Ingress dev/ingress-https
Normal UPDATE 29s nginx-ingress-controller Ingress dev/ingress-https
nginx进行BasicAuth
[root@master ingress]# yum -y install httpd
[root@master ingress]# htpasswd -c auth foo //创建文件名为auth 用户名为foo
[root@master ingress]# kubectl create secret generic basic-auth --from-file=auth
vim ingress-auth.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-with-auth
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: basic-auth
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-realm: 'Authentication Required - foo'
spec:
rules:
- host: auth.liu.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: nginx-service
servicePort: 80
nginx进行重写
示例
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: nginx-test
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: https://liu.com:31170
spec:
rules:
- host: liu1.com
http:
paths:
- path:
backend:
serviceName: nginx-service
servicePort: 80
访问liu1.com跳转到liu.com
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