资料：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/10Kn1lIMPaVNRP9o9UdORmA
提取码：yyds

理解！

kube-proxy–>网络代理
kubelet–>厂长，由他创建集群
api-server–>统一入口
controller-manage–>控制管理
etcd–>文件库
schedluer–>节点调度器
coredns–>核心dns
pause–>Pod的根容器
flannel -->网络插件

1. 安装要求(一定要满足！！)，所有节点

在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：

• 一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
• 硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多
• 可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
• 禁止swap分区

2. 准备环境，所有节点

角色	IP
master	192.168.111.101
node	192.168.111.102

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久
setenforce 0  # 临时

# 关闭swap
swapoff -a  # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久

# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname> 

hostname 命令查看主机名
# 添加hosts！！!
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.111.101 master
192.168.111.102 node
EOF

# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system  # 生效

# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

3. 所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

Kubernetes默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker，因此先安装Docker。

3.1 安装Docker

sudo yum remove docker*
sudo yum install -y yum-utils

#配置docker的yum地址
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

#安装指定版本
sudo yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.7 docker-ce-cli-20.10.7 containerd.io-1.4.6

#	启动&开机启动docker
systemctl enable docker --now

# docker加速配置
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
   "registry-mirrors": ["https://441nlr92.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

docker --version
# Docker version 20.10.7, build f0df350

3.2 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：

#配置k8s的yum源地址
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
   http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9
#启动kubelet
sudo systemctl enable kubelet --now 

systemctl status kubelet 
# 查看状态, 主节点kubeadm init初始化之后kubelet 成功启动！
# 从节点  ，kubeadm join加入集群之后kubelet 成功启动！

4.清除之前部署的网络，所有节点

ifconfig

用删除重生的方法，首先停用网络，然后删除配置

ifconfig cni0 down    
ip link delete cni0

#这是pod的ip地址
ifconfig flannel.1 down
ip link delete flannel.1

5. 部署Kubernetes Master

在 192.168.111.101（Master）执行

 kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.111.101 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.15 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16  

#  要保证各个网段 不一样
#	使用 kubeadm init时，请指定pod-network-cidr。确保 主机/主网络的ip 不在你引用的子网中!!!
#	即如果你的网络运行在192.168..使用10.0.0.0/16
#	如果你的网络是10.0..使用192.168.0.0/16

使用kubectl(master)工具：

rm -rf $HOME/.kube
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
kubectl get nodes #查看节点

docker images查看镜像

八个镜像一个都不能少，下面还需要网络插件！

registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy                v1.20.15   46e2cd1b2594   8 months ago    99.7MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver            v1.20.15   323f6347f5e2   8 months ago    122MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager   v1.20.15   d6296d0e06d2   8 months ago    116MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler            v1.20.15   9155e4deabb3   8 months ago    47.3MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel                                            v0.15.1    e6ea68648f0c   10 months ago   69.5MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd                      3.4.13-0   0369cf4303ff   2 years ago     253MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns                   1.7.0      bfe3a36ebd25   2 years ago     45.2MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause                     3.2        80d28bedfe5d   2 years ago     683kB

不行的话，就手动拉取 docker pull ,kubeadm reset重置后再kubeadm init

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1uu06EGckeXX0REvX_xqBvA
提取码：yyds

网络插件镜像:quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.15.1镜像

quay.io/coreos/flannel版本需要和kube-flannel.yml中的一致！

docker load -i flannel.tar #即可获取镜像

6. 加入Kubernetes Node

在192.168.111.102/13（Node）执行

向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：

kubeadm join 192.168.111.101:6443 --token 3xtclw.c29as49tg9mp7259 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e026d26b0d3d0f1d0c90ea63eb9c5fa01fdd189b07377463ca981a99644c13bc

加入成功！有报错的话看Error信息，对应处理即可！

默认token有效期为24小时，当过期之后，该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token，操作如下：

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

子节点必须有这三个镜像

查看节点 kubectl get nodes

必须都是Ready状态!

7. 部署CNI网络插件，Master节点

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

#不行换下面的方式

---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
  - configMap
  - secret
  - emptyDir
  - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
  - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
  - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
  - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN', 'NET_RAW']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
  resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
  verbs: ['use']
  resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.15.1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.15.1
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg

kube-flannel.yml 为该yml的文件名

#运行命令，加载该文件
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

#查看状态
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

8. 测试kubernetes集群

在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl get pod,svc

访问地址：http://NodeIP:Port

9.错误

curl -sSL http://localhost:10248/healthz connect: connection refused

The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL http://localhost:10248/healthz' failed with error: Get http://localhost:10248/healthz: dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused

:::rm -rf $HOME/.kube
首先需要到 k8smaster1 节点，创建一个文件
# 创建文件夹
mkdir /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d

# 创建文件
vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf

# 添加如下内容
Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS=--pod-manifest-path=/etc/kubernetes/manifests --allow-privileged=true --fail-swap-on=false"

# 重置
kubeadm reset
然后删除刚刚创建的配置目录
rm -rf $HOME/.kube
在 k8smaster1 重新初始化
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=92.168.60.151:6443 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.18.0 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
:::

kubectl get nodes 出现问题Unable to connect to the server

Unable to connect to the server:  #删除目录后重建
:::解决方法
rm -rf $HOME/.kube
然后再次创建一下即可
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
这个问题主要是因为我们在执行 kubeadm reset 的时候，没有把 $HOME/.kube 给移除掉，再次创建时就会出现问题了
:::

kubeadm join添加 k8snode1 节点到集群[ERROR FileAvailable–etc-kubernetes-pki-ca.crt]

[root@k8smaster1 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.60.151:6443 --token jkcz0t.3c40t0bqqz5g8wsb     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:bc494eeab6b7bac64c0861da16084504626e5a95ba7ede7b9c2dc7571ca4c9e5

[ERROR FileContent--proc-sys-net-ipv4-ip_forward]: /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward contents are not set to 1 #设为1即可
[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-pki-ca.crt]: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt already exists #文件存在，删除即可
:::解决方法
echo “1” > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt
:::

docker 版本问题

this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.17. Latest validated version: 19

docker 版本问题
1.卸载docker服务
systemctl stop docker
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
rm -rf /var/lib/containerd
2.重新下载docker服务
# 指定docker版本
yum install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-cli-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
# docker官网指定格式
yum install docker-ce-<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli-<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

coredns- 0/1,状态为Running

过一会再查看kubectl get po -A

#	使用 kubeadm init时，请指定pod-network-cidr。确保 主机/主网络的ip 不在你引用的子网中!!!
#	即如果你的网络运行在192.168..使用10.0.0.0/16
#	如果你的网络是10.0..使用192.168.0.0/16

“cni0” already has an IP address different from 10.244.1.1/24

用删除重生的方法，首先停用网络，然后删除配置

ifconfig cni0 down    
ip link delete cni0

#这是pod的ip地址
ifconfig flannel.1 down
ip link delete flannel.1

kubeadm reset重置后再kubeadm init

卸载K8s

执行kubeadm reset命令

清空K8s集群设置卸载管理组件

systemctl stop kubelet.service  # 停掉kubelet
kubeadm reset
# 输入y
# 不行就多试几次

卸载管理组件

yum erase -y kubelet kubectl kubeadm kubernetes-cni

docker全部清理

docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

docker rmi $(docker images -q)

docker 重启

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl restart docker

systemctl stop docker service